Fulfillment for the degree of Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA)

Abstract

Banks are important in the economic growth and financial stability of a nation since they pool savings and invest in productive activities. There has been a huge growth and structural change in the banking sector in Bangladesh. But still, banks are struggling with a number of problems as the growth of npl , inefficiency in their operations and liquidity management problems, which directly influence the profitability and financial stability of banks. The paper will analyze the determinants of the chosen commercial banks in Bangladesh. ROA is used to measure profitability and the key financial indicators that are treated as the explanatory variable are Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non-Performing Loan Ratio (NPL), Cost-to-Income Ratio (CIR), Bank Size, Loan-to-Deposit Ratio (LDR), and Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR). The study targets three commercial banks, which are Sonali Bank Limited, Janata Bank Limited, Agrani Bank Limited. The research methodology is a quantitative, and it is based on the secondary data that involves the annual reports and financial statements of the sampled banks in the years 2015-2024. The relationship between profitability and the financial indicators chosen is analyzed using statistical methods, such as descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The study findings suggest that internal financial measures are significant in predicting the profitability of banks. The profitability is usually positively correlated with capital adequacy and bank size in that well-capitalized and larger banks are more likely to be more financially stable and have a greater capacity to operate. Conversely, increased non-performing loan and greater cost-to-income ratios are bad indicators of profitability because they indicate credit risk and operating inefficiencies. Other liquidity ratios including Loan-to-Deposit Ratio and the Liquidity Coverage Ratio also affect the profitability because they show the effectiveness of lending processes and the capability of the bank to cover the short-term financial liabilities. The study based on these findings suggests that banks should increase capital management, decrease non-performing loans by managing credit risks better, increase operational efficiency by controlling costs, and ensure balanced liquidity management practices. Moreover, the performance and sustainability of commercial banks can also be enhanced by the use of the latest methods of risk management and financial technology. Comprehensively, the research has some contribution to the understanding of the financial variables that determine the profitability in a bank in Bangladesh and has got some insight to the bank management, any 7 8

policy makers, investors and the researchers who are interested in the banking performance and financial stability.